Effect of Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance

Effect of Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance Introduction Nowadays, it is very difficult to find dedicated employees who could be relied on when the going gets tough. It takes an encouraging supervisor to motivate an employee to stay on his job position and to do his job well. Likewise, it takes a committed worker to persist in his job no matter how difficult it may be, as long as he is properly motivated and satisfied with his job. Just what makes a worker motivated to do his job well? What makes him satisfied in his job? This paper attempts to investigate the aforementioned questions within a certain corporation, Reliance Industries, Ltd. It will take on a qualitative study. It will be employing the use of questionnaires and a focus group interview to probe into the issues of job motivation and job satisfaction and if this translates to performance and efficiency. Research Objectives: The objectives of the study will be: To examine the strategies that organisations use to motivate their employees To explore the relationship between employee motivation and job satisfaction. To examine organisational performance and efficiency. To examine organisational performance and efficiency entails. To examine the impact of employee job satisfaction and motivation on organisational performance and efficiency. Statement of the Problem: How does employee job satisfaction and motivation affect his performance and efficiency in the organization? The study will seek to answer the following questions: What are the strategies that organisations use to motivate their employees? What is the correlation between employee motivation and job satisfaction? What is organisational performance and efficiency? What does organisational performance and efficiency entail? What is the impact of employee job satisfaction and motivation on organisational performance and efficiency? Research Methodology Data collection will be carried out by use of questionnaires. A focus group interview shall be implemented so that a selected group of employees can give in-depth answers to issues pertaining to job satisfaction and motivation and how it affects their own performance and efficiency. It will also draw out much information from the thorough review of literature, so analysis of the results of the questionnaire and interview will be done in the backdrop of a rich tapestry of motivation models and principles. Descriptive research design will then be used where qualitative analysis will be made basing on the variables that aim at examining the impact of employee job satisfaction and motivation on organisational performance and efficiency. This is because descriptive methods are quite effective in identifying concrete socio-economic issues such as the impact of employee job satisfaction and motivation on  organisational performance and efficiency (Silverman 1993; Beverley 1998; Strauss and Corbin 1990). Significance of the Study The study aims to benefit organizational development purposes, specifically the human resources department. A thorough review of literature on motivation shall be done explaining theories, models and principles of how an individual is encouraged to do something for himself and for others. This research will enlighten employers on how to motivate their employees so they do better in their jobs and result in job satisfaction on the part of the latter. It becomes an win-win situation for everyone concerned if motivation is appropriate and effective and will elicit initiative on the part of the employee. Chapter Two Review of Literature Motivation comes from the enjoyment of work itself and from the desire to achieve goals set by the person (Dawson, 2009). Each individual has different goals. Some are financial, like working longer hours for extra income or exerting more effort just to push sales. Some set their sights on a promotion of rank believing that if they do well on their jobs and accept the challenge of more responsibilities that eventually, they level up to a position of more power and authority. This paper argues the need for employers to understand how their workers are motivated and how they can use such information to produce better results for the organization. Knowledge of employee motivation is an advantage for employers. When this knowledge is applied, it becomes a win-win situation for both parties since the employees are motivated to pursue shared organizational goals while the employer encourages the productivity in his organization. Handy (1999) reports that the initial goals of motivation research was to encourage individuals to provide better service to their employers by exerting more effort and maximizing their talents at work. Having a well-motivated workforce may be equivalent to better work productivity and success in product salability in the market. Additional advantages are lower level of absenteeism and staff turnovers because the employees are satisfied with their work. This also means that training and recruitment costs are lowered because work positions are always reliably staffed (Dawson, 2009). Douglas McGregors Theory X and Y gained much attention in the 1960s. He claimed that an individual falls under either of 2 categories, X or Y. The X individual needs a lot of controlling, directing, coercion and thereat just so he gets work done. On the other hand, individuals under Theory Y do not see work as tedious and instead, commits to the goals they have set. Meeting these goals becomes the reward in itself. The average individual stays in the middle ground. He prefers to be directed and avoids responsibility as much as he can. However, when left with no choice, he learns to accept it and carry it out. Further, even if imagination or creativity is widely distributed across the population, individual potentials of people are only partially used in work (Dawson, 2009). This now begs the question of how employers can find employees who fall under the Theory Y category, those who are motivated enough to give their best to the job. Other early motivation theories include the Satisfaction Theory, the Incentive Theory and the Intrinsic Theory. The Satisfaction theory posits that a satisfied worker works even harder and proves his loyalty to the organization he belongs to by staying longer there. Who would want to leave a work environment that provides satisfaction? If one is happy there, there would be little no motivation to leave, and utmost motivation to stay on. The Incentive theory claims that an individual will increase his efforts to obtain a reward, which are mostly compensation packages such as salary increases or access to more company benefits. The Intrinsic theory is culled from Maslows theory of Hierarchy of Needs. He categorized human needs as hierarchal from the basic physiological needs moving to safety, belongingness and love, esteem and finally self-actualization. Maslow contends that these needs serve as motivators (Handy, 1999). For example, a man is motivated to work to earn money for his fam ily to provide for their basic needs of food, clothing and shelter. However, as the man becomes richer and is able to meet his and his familys physiological and safety needs, he ensures that his higher needs are likewise met. As one level of needs is met, the individuals needs move up to the next level until he has met most of his needs and just strives for self-actualization. As an application to work, an employee likewise moves up the organizational ladder and strives to reach the highest position he can achieve. At that point, he is earning enough money, has gained enough belongingness and recognition and as a reflection of his need for self-actualization, is motivated to leave a legacy behind. In relation to Maslows Hierarchy of Needs theory, a real-life example from the international company, IKEA, is illustrated. This Scandanavian-based company is known to be the largest supplier and manufacturer of furniture worldwide. In 2004, IKEA in Denmark took the initiative to give their entire checkout staff a 25% raise. IKEA has more of them than any other group and it meant a sizeable increase in total monthly overhead expenses. However, it was a business decision that delighted the checkout staff. It follows that happy employees are bound to create positive results for the company (Kjerulf, n.d.). One is lower employee turnover. This provides tremendous savings for the company of time and money recruiting new staff. It also means that the longer workers stay with a company, the more experienced they become and the more they identify with the company. Hence, the company develops a more experienced and loyal staff. Being so, they provide better service, gaining higher customer s atisfaction. The companys reputation of providing high quality of service to its customers is spreads rapidly by word of mouth, thereby incurring more sales and profit for the company. Although IKEA incurred a humongous expense with the implementation of the raise, it paid itself within six months. Analyzing why this worked for IKEA, Kjerulf gives three reasons. The first is that the raise obviously gave the staff a significant improvement in their standard of living. The recipients were the least paid in the company, so a 25% raise made a huge difference in terms of their quality of life. Secondly, the salary increase gave people recognition. IKEA acknowledged that they were the most important group of employees since they are the only employees customers are likely to talk to at the end of the sale because customers help themselves with the products anyway. This acknowledgement makes the checkout staff feel valued and trusted. Finally, IKEA promoted the value of fairness. The recipients of the raise were suddenly paid as well as other employees, and even higher than the market average of their counterparts. So it is not really the salary increase that motivated the employees. More than that, they gained much in terms of self-esteem and the feeling of being valued as a worker. Albert Martens, one of IKEAs HR heads posits that giving financial incentive to staff does not actually increase the motivation of a worker who values customer-focused attitude more than money. Because they feel important due to such great service given them, customers come back not only for the quality of IKEAs products but for the kind of service they get from the staff. The staff in turn, gets intrinsically rewarded by this (Whitehead, 2006). According to Judge et al. (2001) the happier people are in the workplace, the more satisfied they are. Weiss (2002) and Rain et al. (1991) concur with this argument that employee job satisfaction and employee motivation are clearly linked. Rain et al. (1991) and Fried and Ferris (1987, pp. 287-322) agree with Porter (1997) that human resources are the most important assets that any organisation can boast to own and to maintain because people utilise and turn the organisations resources into products that the organisation needs in order to perform and to efficiently and effectively meet the needs of its customers. Workers expect some sort of psychological contracts from their employers. Consciously or unconsciously, they anticipate more than the benefits and compensation that the job usually presents. Workers expect support from management, work that is challenging and interesting and communication that is open and honest. These non-monetary rewards have become very significant to the motivation of workers. Of course their economical needs have to be fulfilled (as in the basic physiological and security needs in Maslows Hierarchy of Needs), however, their socio-emotional needs have to be given attention as well (as in the sense of belonging and esteem needs referred to by Maslow). Lester, Clair Kickul (2001) contend that the implication of this is that from the beginning, employers do not only discuss the workers compensation package also emphasize the aspects of the company that will be intrinsically satisfying to the workers. Money and other status symbols like higher job positions and titles, more spacious and opulent offices, and the like do not really increase ones motivation (Kohn, 1999). This may seem unbelievable, but each time a person is extrinsically-rewarded for doing something, it reduces their intrinsic motivation. Employers need to remember that intrinsic motivation spurs an individual to perform well and to high standards because the person does something on his own volition and commits to doing his best in the task (Kjerulf, n.d.). It is essential that employers realize the importance of such psychological contracts! They should keep in mind that all employees desire work that is meaningful, recognition and credit for such work, creative freedom and opportunities for personal growth. As a start, open and honest communication must be established and maintained in the organization. This must include encouragement and boosting of self-esteem of workers. Lack of communication may suggest to employees that the employer is susceptible to breach their psychological contract. Porter (1997) asserts that job satisfaction is a key indicator of how employees feel about their jobs and a predictor of work behaviours such as organisational loyalty, absenteeism and employee turnover. Fried and Ferris (1987, pp. 287-322) concur with Porters view that job satisfaction can partially mediate the relationship of personality variables and deviant work behaviours. According to Weiss (2002, pp. 173-194) and Porter (1997), there exists a huge correlation between job satisfaction and productivity. Job satisfaction amongst employees of Reliance Industries as a result of effective motivation packages has increased growth due to the commitment that workers exercise. According to Reliance Industries Limited (2010), this has come as a result of various motivation packages such as competitive compensation packages and world-class exposures that offer employees opportunities to learn and experience the world. Porter (1997) states that one source of an organisations competitive advantage is job satisfaction. Reliance Industries Limited recognises this and that is the reason why the company walks an extra mile to ensure that employees are satisfied on the job and this has enabled it to attract and retain excellent talent that places the company at a more competitive position that has enabled it to invest in innovative and lucrative ventures in areas such as Information Communication Technologies (ICTs), bio-technology-led research, life sciences and many more (Forbes 2010; Reliance Ind ustries Limited 2010). Investment of more time and effort in the establishment and sustenance of healthy relationships with workers keeps employers updated of their workers progress in both personal and professional areas. Motivating workers can be a challenge for leaders. However, it is well worth the time and effort in the end, as the workers themselves will bear fruits for the organization. Introduction About Chosen Organisation (Reliance Industries) Reliance Industries Limited was founded in 1966 by Dhirubhai Ambani, the Indian industrialist and was the pioneer in the introduction of financial instruments such as fully convertible debentures into the Indian stock markets (Forbes 2010). It is alleged by critics that the success of Reliance Industries Limited at the top position in terms of market capitalisation is the ability of the founder to manipulate the levers of a controlled economy to its advantage. The major subsidiaries and associates of Reliance Industries Limited include Reliance Petroleum Limited (RPL); Reliance Life Sciences; Reliance Industrial Infrastructure Limited (RIIL); Reliance Institute of Life Sciences (Rils); Relicord; Reliance Solar; Reliance Clinical Research Services (RCRS); Reliance Logistics (P) Limited (Cable News Network 2010). Reliance Industries Limited has 3 million shareholders and 1 out of every 4 investors in India is a Reliance shareholder (Cable News Network 2010). This makes it the company the organisation in which most stock is widely held in the whole world. According to Forbes (2010), the subsidiaries and associates of Reliance Industries Limited are the best performers in the Indian stock market. By market value, Reliance Industries Limited is the largest private sector company in India with an annual turnover of US$ 44 billion and profit of US$ 3.6 billion for the year ending in March 2010 and assets valued at US$ 43.61 (Forbes 2010). The company is ranked at 264th position in the Fortune Global 500 list in 2009 and at the 126th position in the Forbes Global 2000 list in 2010 (Cable News Network 2010; Forbes 2010). Reliance Industries Limited is one of the main players in the oil and petrochemicals industry in India. Although the companys main focus is oil, it has diversified its operations in recent times as a result of severe differences between the founders sons, Mukesh Ambani and Anil Ambani after the company was divided between them in 2006 (Cable News Network 2010). Chapter Three Methodology Strauss and Corbin (1990) stated that qualitative research is any kind of research that produces findings not arrived at by means of statistical procedures or other means of quantification. Glesne (1999) stated that qualitative researchers seek out a variety of perspectives; they do not reduce the multiple interpretations to a norm. Strauss and Corbin (1990) claimed that qualitative methods can be used to better understand any phenomenon about which little is yet known. They can also be used to gain new perspectives on things about which much is already known, or to gain more in-depth information that may be difficult to convey quantitatively, or where the researcher has determined that quantitative measures cannot adequately describe or interpret a situation. a. Questionnaires The use of questionnaires as a means of collecting data from the research participants, with an aim in obtaining their personal views on job satisfaction and motivation and how it affects their performance and efficiency has been selected for this particular research. (Campbell et al., 2004) describe questionnaires as: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦a very versatile data-gathering method; they are cheap, easy to administer, whether it be to three people or 300, and can be used to gather a great variety of data of both quantitative and qualitative nature. (Campbell et al., 2004, p. 146). Cohen et al. (2000) also praise the use of questionnaires for their efficiency. They allow an efficient use of the researchers time, as they can collect a significant amount of information in one attempt, rather than conducting interviews over a period of weeks. Gillham (2000) also highlights that questionnaires make efficient use of the respondents time, as they can complete the questionnaire at a time that is suita ble to them and does not require the researcher and respondent to match free periods of time to conduct the research. Cohen et al. (2000) and Gillham (2000) emphasize the usefulness of questionnaires for ensuring the participants anonymity, which in this study, may be requested due to its very sensitive and controversial nature. If the respondents cannot be identified, they may be more willing to write about issues and opinions more openly than they would in a face-to-face situation. It could be argued then that questionnaires are therefore most likely to generate more truthful answers as there is no personal contact with the interviewer. However, a disadvantage of using questionnaires is that the only data collected is a variety of tick boxes and brief responses, which means the data tends to have more breadth than depth. This results from the lack of an interviewer to prompt for further information or more detail in their answers, and they cannot interpret questions for the participant who is unclear about what is being asked. This may result in each participant having to decipher what they are being asked independently and may resort to their own subjective understanding of the questions. The following questions will be asked in the questionnaires and will be discussed in detail in a focus group interview conducted later: Are you satisfied with your job right now? Why or why not? What motivates you to do your job well? What are the strategies that your organisations use to motivate their employees? Do you think employee motivation leads to job satisfaction? Explain. How do you define organisational performance and efficiency? What does organisational performance and efficiency entail? How would you rate yourself in terms of job performance and efficiency? What do you think is the impact of employee job satisfaction and motivation on organisational performance and efficiency? b. Interviews To pursue the questions in depth, a selected group of participants who answered the questionnaires will be asked to join a focus group interview. The interview method involves questioning or a discussion of issues with one or more people.   It is useful to collect data which may not be accessible through observation or questionnaires (Blaxter et al, 2006). Robson (2002) points out how the interview is a flexible and adaptable research tool.   In face to face interviews, there is the possibility of following up interesting responses.   Frey and Mertens-Oishi (1995) comment how respondent participation can be enhanced by the interviewer sensitively guiding the questioning, and being able to answer any questions which the respondent may ask.   Oppenheim (1992) suggests that the response rate is higher in interviews than in questionnaires, due to the fact that participants become more involved. c. Qualitative Content Analysis of Literature The content analysis of findings from several studies in the review of literature is another great source of a wealth of information for this current study. Content analysis is a research technique for making replicable and valid inferences from texts (or other meaningful matter) to the contexts of their use (Krippendorff, 2004, p. 18). Constructs researched on and analyzed may be derived from existing theories or practices, the experience or knowledge of experts and previous research (Krippendorff, 2004). Content analysis aims to provide knowledge, new insights, a representation of facts and a practical guide to action (Elo Kyngas, 2008). Qualitative content analysis flows from a humanistic tradition. Replacing hypotheses associated with quantitative research methods are open questions that guide the research and influence the data that are gathered (White and Marsh, 2006). The researcher reads through the data and analyzes them thoroughly to identify concepts and patterns. He or she may discover patterns and concepts that emerge but were not foreshadowed but are nevertheless important to consider and report. For this study, available literature already reports data which has been gathered and analyzed by competent researchers in the field. The researcher is in a position to compare existing literature and discern which information will best answer the questions pertaining to this current research study. Procedure Firstly, permission to conduct the research should be sought from the rightful authorities of Reliance Industries Limited by way of written correspondence. The letter includes the aims and objectives of the study and the methodology to be used. The company will also be assured that they will be furnished a copy of the final research paper. Questionnaires will be distributed to the employees of the company either by hand or by email. Demographic data of the participants shall be collected like their gender, age, civil status and length of time they have served with the company. A small group of 7 to 10 employees shall be randomly selected from the pool of participants to engage in a focus group interview. This small group interview will be to follow up on their responses in the questionnaire and to further probe into their insights regarding motivation and job satisfaction and how these affect their performance and efficiency in their jobs. The focus group interview will be audio-recorded and transcribed in verbatim. The interview questions already stated above will be asked of the participants to guide the flow of the interview and the participants will take turns answering them and responding to others answers as well. An interviewer will be hired to facilitate the interview and may ask follow up questions to clarify some answers. This interviewer will be briefed beforehand on the objectives of the research and how to conduct the focus group interview to elicit candid responses from the participants. The participants are ensured of the confidentiality of their responses as their real names will not be used in reporting the responses as data. This occasion is to give students the opportunity to elaborate and freely express their insights with regard to student-teacher relationships. The focus group discussions are believed to add pertinent information to the study. Data Analysis Responses from the questionnaires and focus group interview will be culled and sorted according to themes that may surface (ex. motivations, company strategies to motivate employees, etc.). Each theme will be analyzed with the backdrop of the information gathered from the literature review.

Are calculators as effective as they were intended to be? :: Technology Education Mathematics Essays

Are calculators as effective as they were intended to be? I can remember when I was in elementary school, we were never allowed to use calculators. I always seemed to excel in math, so I never really found it necessary to use one, usually. It was when I got into junior high when I first found myself looking for a calculator to help me do my math homework. I was taking pre-algebra, and I was struggling with learning the concepts. I just could not seem to get all the steps in the right order ever. My dad, who is a math genius in my opinion, showed me how to use a sophisticated calculator that would help me check my answers. He would not let me do my homework with it, but he allowed me to check it with his calculator. The teachers always made us show all of the steps, and if we used calculators the steps would be missing on the paper. So, I found it very helpful to use a calculator to check my answers. But I also thought that the calculators were somewhat confusing and complicated. I always felt like I was doing so much work to get to an answer than if I did it on my own on paper. I felt that it was easier to do the steps on the paper, than to remember all the buttons that I would have to push on the calculator. This is when I started wondering if calculators were as effective and efficient as they were intended. I think that the way I was taught in elementary school really effected the way I thought in junior high. I always assumed that it was "bad" to use a calculator for math problems, because that is the message that the teachers in elementary school sent to all the students. By them not allowing us to use us them and experiment with them, I feel that we were "turned off" by them really. This may have been caused by the lack of experience the teachers actually had. Also, they had been doing math for so long and they never used calculators. They did not see the need for the use of them.

Assess the Advantages of Judicial Precedent Essay

The first advantage of judicial precedent is certainty; this means the lawyers are able to predict the outcome of the case due to Judges following the same rules and the same Ratios this is a good thing as it means Lawyers could prepare clients for the worse or the best to the best of their ability, and this could save time and money as well. Sir Rupert Cross-Doctrine of precedent has a particular emphasis on rigidity and certainty. Another advantage is flexibility; the law is able to develop in ways that reflect social and technological circumstances and does not have to wait for the permission from Parliament, it also allows the common law system to respond to new situations like in Mcloughlin O’Brien’s case where the Supreme Court extended the law on nervous shock to cover new situations within the case. Consistency, this means that similar cases are dealt with in the same way, and this makes the law fair and credible and makes our legal system respected in other cou ntries. Another would be its real and reals with real life situations, case laws deal with situations that arise in practice – real facts in real situations – unlike statues and if an unforeseen situation arises, judges can refer to existing precedents and adapt the law to meet the new situation. Another advantage would be Original precedents, this allows for new or original precedents to be created and this occurs when there is no previous decision on the matter or case and this therefore means an original precedent therefore makes legal provision on a matter for which there was no previously no. In Gillick V West Norfolk and Wisbech Area Health Authority the House of Lords had to decide whether or not girls under 16 could be prescribed contraceptives without parental consent. This matter had not arisen before the courts before, and parliament had provided no guidance.

International Relation Theory And International Relations...

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Wendt argued that norms of the states can affect how other states views them. Norms will change their actions by shaping their identities differently (Mingst 2016). An example of constructivism is Americans viewed Cuba as a threat during the Cold War. In 1960, US placed an embargo on Cuba, which ended trade and relations with them. The rise of communism under the regime of Fidel Castro, posed as a threat to the US . As of 2015, the embargo was lifted from Cuba and the US changed their perception of the country. Another example is the US view of Iraq. Before the Persian Gulf War, the US viewed Iraq as a marketing source, which enabled them to trade between each other. The US changed their view on Iraq as the regime of Saddam Hussein took control of the country. There were many rebellions of the Shiites and Kurds against Saddam. In the 1990s, Hussein invaded and destroyed Marsh Arabs, which many Shiites were living on the land (ABC News 2006). 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What Will Happen If Endangered Species Become Extinct - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 584 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/10/30 Category Environment Essay Level High school Tags: Endangered Species Essay Did you like this example? Definition: When we hear the word extinct,the first thing that springs to mind are animals that existed millions of years ago that we have never seen,such as dinosaurs and giant sharks.so when the members or individuals of certain group die out we will say that extinction has taken place. There are two different types of extinction Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "What Will Happen If Endangered Species Become Extinct?" essay for you Create order Background extinction :refers to normal extinction for example some species cant be sustained on earth. Mass extinction :is a widespread event that wipes out the majority of living plants and animals. Plants More than 300,000 known species of plants are threatened with extinction.plants provide the oxygen we breathe and the food we eat.theyre also the source of a majority of medicines in USA today and over 50% of medicines derived from plants. Impact of extinction on human disease: Many different species have unique bodily processes that can cure human disease.for example the toxins produced by dart-poison frogs in the rainforest have invaluable information about how alkaloid compounds behave in living organisms.so the loss of these resources could prove a terrible blow to humans. Impact of the tiger disappeared: Tiger,in particular,is a super predator.it is at the very top of its food chain.this means that animal has no natural predators.tigers are important in Asian cultures too.its disappearance would be a huge cultural loss and feline is also one of the most endangered species. When elephants go,so do trees ! In recent study found that there is a stark correlation between lower elephant populations and less trees.elephants are regarded as the architects of their environment.in fact after humans,elephants have the largest ability to influence their natural environment. Effects of animals extinction: When we lose the animals through extinction,we lose biodiversity. Biodiversity refers to the total number species.animals extinction is a threat to the human life.so we can say that it has got more disadvantages than advantages however,the extinction of a species may not always be a bad thing according to the Natural History Museum. The exhibition will show that without the demise of animals like dinosaurs,which died out 66 million years ago,birds would never come to dominate the planet. The relationship between extinction and food cycle: Every living thing plays a role in the food chain and earths ecosystems,and the extinction of certain species,whether predators or prey can have serious impacts.think about large animals like the grizzly bear,when a predator goes extinct,all of its prey are released from the predation pressure and they may have big impacts on ecosystems.or for example Arctic foxes are only canine species that can change the color with the season.if they become extinct it will upset the food chain which can disturb the ljfe cycle of other species. The extinction of many species depends on the survival of others,and dont think human beings are an exception . Ants: Ants turn up more soil than earthworms! when ants dig tunnels,they aerate the soil and recycle nutrients.they have also been essential to production of coffee and chocolate. Bees: They are responsible for pollinating the worlds food supply and also produce buzzing sounds when they sense toxic chemicals in the air. Conclusion: In this world there are many plants and animals going extinct and humans never know how valuable a species of animal and plant may be for us in the future,perhaps as food,medicine or for specific information.

Cell Phones Thesis - 2181 Words

CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE This chapter presents the related literature-local and foreign which helped the researcher conceptualize the effects of cell phone use of students during classes. In addition to the related literature are local and foreign studies that helped the researcher in the analysis of the problems under study. It has provided an insight to enrich this investigation and understanding of the study’s problem. FOREIGN LITERATURE In todays world, most people communicate through the use cellular phones. Its hard to believe that fifteen years ago cell phones were a rarity. People may not be aware of what is the history chronicling the dawn of the cell phone to its current state. According to†¦show more content†¦It is usually stated that 3G is not necessarily a rigid standard, but is a set of requirements that most networks and cell phone providers follow. There are two main requirements; they include 2 Megabits of maximum data rate indoors and 384 kbits for outdoor use. 3G mobile phones usually include innovations to receive much more than phone calls, for instance, SMS text is available and some 3G phones also offer email and Internet access. Currently technologies are continuing to improve and new innovations such as streaming radio and TV, as well as Wifi are currently breaking into the market. For most people, cell phones really brought them benefits in their everyday life. According to Center on Media and Child Health (2007), these are the advantages of having cell phones: for health and wellness, programs that deliver personalized text messages that help a person with dieting, remembering to take medications, or encouraging them to quit smok ing. For instance, one company is exploring the ability to send photos of what you are eating via your phone’s camera so you can communicate with a nutrition advisor about that food. For safety, the benefits of cell phones in emergency situations are undisputed. The Pew Internet American Life Project found that 74 percent of Americans say they’ve used a cell phone in an emergency. In addition, some emergency agencies are encouraging cell phone users to put â€Å"ICE† (in case of emergency)Show MoreRelatedComplaint Speech1384 Words   |  6 Pagestechnical support for computer products; c) Bay Area traffic. Thesis: Your central idea should be a concise statement that declares the essence of your complaint. Here are three different examples for three different topics: - Topic: Dogphobia. Thesis: Californians are way too paranoid about dogs in public places. - Topic: Bad Tech Support: Thesis: Technical support for computer products is too inefficient. - Topic: Ba y Area Traffic. 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Although distracted driving is a veryRead MorePolice Shouldn t Be Allowed For Search A Cell Phone Of Anyone They Arrest Without A Warrant Essay1058 Words   |  5 PagesStudent Professor Course Date OUTLINE Title: Police shouldn’t be allowed to search a cell phone of anyone they arrest without a warrant. Thesis: The basic right to privacy and with it the unfortunate antithesis of the barbaric act of police in searching through a cellphone of anyone they arrest without a warrant. 1. Introduction a) The importance of privacy. b) Thesis statement. 2. Overview of warrants a) The process of issuance of warrants. b) Why warrant is necessary. 3. The right to privacyRead MoreIntroduction To Energy Harvesing Array Antenna1628 Words   |  7 Pagesearth. We harvest solar energy by using solar cells, wind energy by windmills, hydroelectric power by water. So the energy harvesting instruments are designed by understanding the type of energy whether it is solar, wind or any other form. For this purpose, we required to identify the area or location where this energy available in ample for instance sun shines vertically over the tropical region, thus this region can be best for establishment of solar cell power plant. So a design engineer should haveRead MoreCell Phone Use And Cell Phones Essay843 Words   |  4 Pagesever witnessed disruptive cell phones usage in public? When is it acceptable, to use cell phones in public? Americans today have adapted the addiction of cell phone technology, the device accommodates more than just text or talking.Cell phone use is a problem in America and in our own homes. The existence of ce ll phones have changed the communication skills of many round the world. I believe the wave has sailed right along with rude public cell phone behavior.. B.(Thesis Statement) My point todayRead MoreUse of Cellphones While Driving Should be Banned661 Words   |  3 Pagesthe popularization of the use of cell phones while driving solicits both ethical as well as legal questions. However, among the many arguments that have been experienced, the bottom-line is that every time a driver picks up the mobile phone to use in whichever form, the lives of those both in the car and outside the car are edged closer to danger than before. Thesis To prevent car accidents, people should stop texting while driving. The use of the cell phones while driving has been noted to

Uber E-Commerce Business Model - Free Sample Solution at Myassignmenth

Question: Draw an ER Diagram for Uber e-commerce business model. DescribeAdvantages andDisadvantagesfor customer in Ubers business model. Answer ER Diagram Uber ER Diagram Data Flow Diagram Data Flow Diagram Uber e-commerce business model E-commerce stands for electronic commerce is a term that applies to a business that uses transfer of information across the internet ("What is Ecommerce?", 2016). A correct model is required for e-commerce that helps in establishment of right fit as per the brand image and also aids in the alignment of correct company culture ("What are the eCommerce business models?", 2012). There are a number of e-commerce models such as Business-to-Business (B2B), Business-to-Consumer (B2C), Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) and several more. The model that applies to Uber is B2C. It involves four phases as: Pre-sales Sales execution Sales Execution Post-Sales Does The Intricacy of The Topic Intimidate You? Tame Your Fear with Unmatched Assignment Help Services from Professional Writers. Uber benefits from this model as it helps in making the market presence and provides an online catalog. Online ordering, payment and delivery are also designed through this model. Customer profiling and service are also provided. The revenues are generated through the payments that are made by the customers through booking of the rides for travelling from one area to another. Advantages for customers in Ubers business model The business model enables the booking and payments to be done through online mode. Customers can easily make use of their mobile devices such as mobile phones and tablets to book a ride and make the payment for the same. The services are available for the customer at all times that is the services are available all throughout. There is also increased delivery speed that is all it takes is a few minutes to locate a cab and book the same. Disadvantages for customer in Ubers business model Customers face the problem of payment security as the entire application is based on the online mode of service. Privacy of information is also an area of concern for the customers. There is a rapid change in technology that is used which may lead to resistance in terms of user acceptance. There are risks such as loss of data, unauthorized access of information and attack of malicious software on the mobile app. Social Shopping Models Social Computing refers to the technology that makes use of collaborative and interactive aspect of the human behavior. Digital social context is created with the help of social behavior and information systems (Social Computing: Concepts, 2016). Web 2.0 is the environment that is used by Uber for connectivity and community of the users with the help of information technology. Social shopping model in Uber is used for several purposes such as Sales, Marketing, Customer Relationship Management and Human Resources. These are used to sell and book the rides, provides coupons to the customers for better market strategy and innovative offers to attract more customers and collaborative consumption as well. Ubers service for environment The services that are offered by Uber are extremely beneficial for the environment. These benefits are as listed below: Easy booking to the customer for commuting from one place to another The responses to the customers complaints are quick as there is social and public involvement involved in the usage of the application The expectations of the customers can be easily met with the help of this application It is easy to search a cab and book the same The application is easy to use Navigation and accessibility are the two features that come handy with this application Competitive Market Uber is competing in the market where people prefer their own vehicles instead of relying on the public modes of transports such as buses and cycles. There are significant barriers to get an entry in the market and also there are similar applications that are emerging in the market that offer similar services. The suppliers are increasing and the customers get more options to choose from and thus, Uber finds it a little challenging to establish a different place in the market. The advantage that it comes with is that it is easy to use and access as well with services available at all times. Since there are some substitutes that provide rides and cabs to book for commuting from one place to another and significant competition as well, there are models available in the market to develop a competitive business strategy. Porters Competitive Forces Model Competitive rivalry is a force that is low to enter in the market since the services that are offered by Uber are unique in nature as these are completely based on the online mode of delivery and payments. New entrants in the market also play a role that is low in terms of the force that is required to develop a competitive strategy. It does not possess a significant barrier as Uber has unique services and features as well. The supplier force play a significant role since the numbers of suppliers is increasing at a rapid pace (Resources et al., 2014). The buyer factors such as choices and preferences of the users and cost and availability of the service is of utmost importance ("Porter's Five Forces: Assessing the Balance of Power in a Business Situation", 2016). Technology developments are the forces that are high in terms of the changes and innovations that take place on a frequent basis at present (Competition, 2015). Strategies to competitive advantage The five forces suggested by Porter play an important role in developing the business strategy and gain a competitive advantage. Out of the five forces, Uber is practicing buyer factors and technology developments ("Porter's Model of Industry Rivalry (Five Forces) | Business | tutor2u", 2016). Buyer factors such as choice and preferences of the users, cost and availability are the major factors that are used by Uber to provide excellent services to the users. The preferences such as type of cab, choice of drivers and payment modes are provided to the users. The services are available for at all times at the 24x7 basis ("michael porter's five forces competition theory model", 2016). Technology developments are also seriously followed by Uber as the mobile application is available for accessing Uber that can be accessed through several mobile devices such as Smartphones and tablets and is developed for operating systems such as Android and iOS that are primarily used by the customers. Online payments and delivery are also made available to the user which are preferred by the users and are also in trend as per the latest technological advancements. References Competition, P. (2015). Porter's Five Forces: Analyzing the Competition. Business News Daily. Retrieved 22 May 2016. michael porter's five forces competition theory model. (2016). Businessballs.com. Retrieved 22 May 2016. Porter's Five Forces: Assessing the Balance of Power in a Business Situation. (2016). Mindtools.com. Retrieved 22 May 2016. Porter's Model of Industry Rivalry (Five Forces) | Business | tutor2u. (2016). Tutor2u.net. Retrieved 22 May 2016. Resources, H., insights, I., quotes, I., hubs, S., tips, C., Training, E. et al. (2014). Porter's Five Forces Model | Strategy framework. Cleverism.